How to form plural nouns?
Plural nouns are used to name more than one person, place, thing, or idea.
There are 12 recognized rules to form plural nouns.
#1 If a noun ends in a consonant (except for the following rules), '-s' is added to form the plural noun.
examples:
blanket - blankets
pen - pens
book - books
slipper - slippers
shirt - shirts
#2 If a noun ends in -ch, -sh, -x, -z, -s, or -ss, '-es' is added to form the plural noun.
examples:
branch - branches
dish - dishes
glass - glasses
blitz - blitzes
tax - taxes
bus - buses
#3 If a noun ends in a vowel followed by -y, '-s' is added to form the plural noun.
examples:
chimney - chimneys
day - days
boy - boys
#4 If a noun ends in a consonant followed by -y, -y is replaced with '-i' and '-es' is added to form the plural noun.
examples:
university - universities
study - studies
theory - theories
country - countries
#5 If a noun ends in either -f or -fe, the -f or -fe is replaced with '-v' and an '-es' is added to form the plural noun.
examples:
thief - thieves
loaf - loaves
knife - knives
calf - calves
Exemptions: There are nouns that end in -f that should not be replaced with -v to form a plural form. Nothing should be changed, and an "-s" should be added to make the noun plural.
examples:
chef - chefs
reef - reefs
belief - beliefs
#6 If a noun ends in a vowel and an -o, an '-s' is added to form the plural noun.
examples:
radio - radios
ratio - ratios
taboo - taboos
video - videos
#7 If a noun ends in two vowels except -o, '-s' is added to form the plural noun.
examples:
employee - employees
tree - trees
pea - peas
sea - seas
bee - bees
freebie - freebies
#8 If a noun ends in a vowel and -o, either '-s' or '-es' is added to form the plural noun. Mostly, just '-s'.
examples:
potato - potatoes
tomato - tomatoes
cargo - cargos
taco - tacos
avocado - avocados
centavo - centavos
#9 If a noun ends in a consonant and -e, '-s' is added to form the plural noun.
examples:
cone - cones
throne - thrones
fine - fines
time - times
frame - frames
flame - flames
#10 If a noun is an irregular noun, it does not follow any of the above rules. It has its own rules.
examples:
child - children
mice - mouse
fungus - fungi
genus - genera
#11 Nouns that don't change from singular to plural remain as they are.
examples:
deer - deer
series - series
species - species
moose - moose
#12 Nouns that are plural in form but singular in meaning remain singular.
examples:
Physics - Physics
Mathematics - Mathematics
measles - measles
news - news
billiards - billiards
shingles - shingles
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