A preposition is a part of speech used to express the relationship of a noun or pronoun (or another grammatical element functioning as a noun) to the rest of the sentence--specifically, to create a prepositional phrase.
A phrase is a group of two or more words used to create a higher element like a clause or a sentence. A prepositional phrase is a phrase that consists of a preposition and its object which can be a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase.
examples:
on the roof
under the table
from Melanie
over the counter
by her
The underlined words are the prepositions, and the nouns, noun phrases, or pronouns they modify (ones that follow them) are called the objects of the preposition.
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